Computer Language (for Class : 6)

Computer Language

A language is defined as the medium of expression of thoughts. Computer also needs some expression medium to communicate with others.

A computer follows the instructions given by the programmer to perform a specific job. To perform a particular task, programmer prepares a sequence of instruction known as Program. 

A program written for a computer is known as Software.

1) First Generation Languages - 1GLs (Machine Language) : When the human being started programming, the computer the instruction were given to it in a language that it could easily understand is called as machine language. The binary language of 1 and 0 is known as Machine Language. Any instruction in this language is given in the form of 1s and 0s.

2) Second Generation Languages - 2GLs (Assembly Language) : The first language similar to English was developed in 1950 which was known as Assembly Language or Symbolic Programming Languages. An assembly language is a low-level programming language for microprocessors (CPU) and other programmable devices.

3) Third Generation Languages- (3GLs ) (High Level Languages) : The languages developed which were nearer to the English language in 1960 were known as High Level languages. The different high level languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, PL-1 and many others.

4) Fourth Generation Languages - (4GLs) (Query languages) : The 3GLs are procedural in nature means HOW the problem get programmed and the procedures require the knowledge of HOW the problem will be solved. 4GLs are non-procedural that focuses on WHAT of the problem is coded means "WHAT is required". The main aim of 4GLs is to be cut down on developed and maintenance time and making it easier for users. Example of 4GL is SQL (Structured Query Language).

5) Fifth Generation Language - (5GLs) : The 5GLs are designed to make the computer “Smarter”. The use of 5GLs language touches on expert systems, computerized collection of the knowledge of many human experts, artificial intelligence and independently smart computer systems. Examples of 5GL are Prolog, OPS5 and Mercury.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) based languages : These are the languages which use a Graphical User Interface to write, compile & execute the program with ease. Some of them are-

• Visual Basic
• Visual C++
• C# (Pronounced as C sharp)
• Visual Basic.NET
• Visual Basic 2005