Sustainable Development (for Class 9, 10)

 

Sustainable Development

·   Sustainable Development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Need for Sustainable Development

·   The need and importance of sustainable development can be explained by the fact that it is crucial for balancing our economic, environmental, and social needs.

·   Our living and development should be such that it conserves and enhances the resources we have. With the increase in population our needs of resources are increasing but we must exploit natural resources and degrade the environment and its balance rather develop alternate and renewable resources.

·   Some points are as follows:

  vEnergy Resources

  vOverexploitation of Natural Resources

  vScarcity of Resources

  vClimate Change

Dimensions of Sustainable Development

·   Sustainable development requires simultaneous and balanced progress of four totally interdependent dimensions. These four dimensions are as follows:

(i) Social                                            

(ii) Economic

(iii) Ecological or Nature related (environmental)

(iv) Political or governance

·   The concept of sustainable development is based on the following:

vIntegration of environment and economic decision

vStewardship or humans as the caretaker of the environment

vShared responsibility, accountability and decision making

vPrevention and mitigation

vConservation

vWaste minimization

vEnhancement of productivity, capability, quality of nature and human life

vRehabilitation and reclamation

vScientific and technological innovation

vControlling the Green House Gas Emissions

 

Note- In September 2015, The General Assembly adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Principle: “Leaving no one behind”

Goals: 17

Targets: 169

  

17 SDGs included in Agenda 2030 are as follows:

(1) No Poverty

(2) Zero Hunger

(3) Good Health and Well-being

(4) Quality Education

(5) Gender Equality

(6) Clean Water and Sanitation

(7) Affordable and Clean Energy

(8) Decent Work and Economic Growth

(9) Industry, innovation and Infrastructure

(10) Reduced Inequality

(11) Sustainable Cities and Communities

(12) Responsible Consumption and Production

(13) Climate Action

(14) Life Below Water

(15) Life on Land

(16) Peace and Justice Strong Institutions

(17) Partnerships to achieve the goal

Measures Taken for Implementing SDGs in India

·      Many of the Government’s flagship programs such as Swachh Bharat, Make in India, Skill India, and Digital India are at the core of the SDGs.

·      To implement SDGs in India following measures have been taken:

                i. The Government of India’s premier think tank, the NITI Aayog, has been given the responsibility of supervising and coordinating the actions, schemes, etc. for SDGs.

                 ii. States have been directed to implement and ensure the action, implementation, and monitoring of centrally sponsored schemes for implementing SDGs.

              iii. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has been made responsible for developing national indicators for the SDGs.

                 iv. State governments have been directed to erect the required body for the visioning, planning, budgeting, developing, implementation, and monitoring of the systems erected for the SDGs.

The 5 P’s of Sustainable Development

1) Prosperity

2) Partnership

3) Peace

4) Planet

5) People

 

Check your knowledge

Q1. How many sustainable development goals and targets are there?

Q2. SDG1 _____________

Q3. SDG4_____________

4W's Canvas framework (for Class : 9 & 10)

4W's Canvas Framework

4W's Canvas framework is used for problem-solving in the field of artificial intelligence. The 4W's Canvas is a framework used to analyze and define problems in AI projects. The 4W's represent:

What: What is the problem that needs to be solved? This refers to the specific issues or challenges the AI system must address.

Who: Who are the users or stakeholders that will be affected by this problem? This could be customers, employees, or other parties impacted by the problem.

Why: Why is this problem important to solve? This refers to the potential impact of solving the problem on the organization or other stakeholders.

Where: Where does the problem exist? This could refer to the location or context in which the problem occurs.

To use the 4W's Canvas framework for a specific problem in AI, we would first identify each of the four elements above and then use the framework to guide your analysis and problem-solving approach. By considering each of these four elements, we can develop a more comprehensive understanding of the problem and identify potential solutions that address all relevant factors.

Computer Language (for Class : 6)

Computer Language

A language is defined as the medium of expression of thoughts. Computer also needs some expression medium to communicate with others.

A computer follows the instructions given by the programmer to perform a specific job. To perform a particular task, programmer prepares a sequence of instruction known as Program. 

A program written for a computer is known as Software.

1) First Generation Languages - 1GLs (Machine Language) : When the human being started programming, the computer the instruction were given to it in a language that it could easily understand is called as machine language. The binary language of 1 and 0 is known as Machine Language. Any instruction in this language is given in the form of 1s and 0s.

2) Second Generation Languages - 2GLs (Assembly Language) : The first language similar to English was developed in 1950 which was known as Assembly Language or Symbolic Programming Languages. An assembly language is a low-level programming language for microprocessors (CPU) and other programmable devices.

3) Third Generation Languages- (3GLs ) (High Level Languages) : The languages developed which were nearer to the English language in 1960 were known as High Level languages. The different high level languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, PL-1 and many others.

4) Fourth Generation Languages - (4GLs) (Query languages) : The 3GLs are procedural in nature means HOW the problem get programmed and the procedures require the knowledge of HOW the problem will be solved. 4GLs are non-procedural that focuses on WHAT of the problem is coded means "WHAT is required". The main aim of 4GLs is to be cut down on developed and maintenance time and making it easier for users. Example of 4GL is SQL (Structured Query Language).

5) Fifth Generation Language - (5GLs) : The 5GLs are designed to make the computer “Smarter”. The use of 5GLs language touches on expert systems, computerized collection of the knowledge of many human experts, artificial intelligence and independently smart computer systems. Examples of 5GL are Prolog, OPS5 and Mercury.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) based languages : These are the languages which use a Graphical User Interface to write, compile & execute the program with ease. Some of them are-

• Visual Basic
• Visual C++
• C# (Pronounced as C sharp)
• Visual Basic.NET
• Visual Basic 2005

AI : AI Ethics, AI Bias, AI Access (for Classes : 8 ,9, 10)

AI Ethics

Ethics :

·        Ethics are the moral responsibility of anyone or anything that can impact others.

AI Ethics :

·        AI Ethics is a system of moral principals and techniques intended to inform the development and responsible use of AI Technology.

·        As AI has become integral to products and services, organizations are starting to develop AI codes of ethics.

AI Bias

·        AI Bias is an anomaly (irregularity of abnormality) in the result produced through AI based programs and algorithms because of prejudiced (discriminatory) assumptions made during the algorithm development process or prejudices in the training data.

·        When we talk about a machine, we know that it is artificial and cannot think on its own.

·        It can have intelligence but we cannot expect a machine to have any biases of its own.

·        Any bias can transfer from the developer to the machine while the algorithm is being developed.

AI Access

·        AI is still a budding technology, not everyone has the opportunity to access it.

·        The people who can afford Ai enabled devices make the most of it while others who cannot are left behind.

·        Because of this, a gap has emerged between these two classes of peoples and it gets widened with rapid advancement of technology.

AI Creates Unemployment

·        Maybe in the coming years, AI enabled machines will replace all the people who work as labours.

·        This may start an era of mass unemployment where people having little or no skills may be left without jobs and others who keep up with their skills according to what is required.

AI for kids

·        Kids nowadays are smart enough to understand technology from a very early age.

·        As their thinking capabilities increases, they start becoming techno-savvy and eventually they learn everything more easily than an adult.

Should technology be given to children so young?

What are different Ethical Issues Around AI?

AI : Decision Making (Class 9, 10)

Decision Making: It is the process of identifying and picking a final choice / action / item / belief for a need from an available set of choices after carefully assessing the available options.

Role of Intelligence in Decision Making:

   ·       Data / Information available

         ·       Relationships among data / information

         ·       Past experience of handling similar situation or data / information

         ·       Understanding and knowledge

         ·       Our intuition and self-awareness

Different Input & Output Devices (for class 6)

 Input Unit : 

• The devices which are used to input the data and programs in the computer are known as "Input Devices". 
• The input unit accepts instructions and data from the user and converts these instructions and data into a computer-acceptable format which is sent to a computer system for processing. (for more details click here)

Basic Components of Computer (for class 6)

Basic Components of Computer are: 

1. Input Unit 

 2. Output Unit 

3. Storage Devices 

4. Memory

 5. Processor

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Advantages of Using Artificial Intelligence (General Topic for Classes : 8, 9, 10)

1. Increased Accuracy: AI systems are able to process and analyze large amounts of data with much higher accuracy and speed than humans, thereby reducing errors in decision making.

2. Automation: Automation of business processes leads to more efficiency, leading to more productivity and lower costs.

3. Improved Customer Service: AI chatbots can help provide customer service 24/7 without the need for manual assistance from humans.

4. Enhanced Security: AI enabled systems are able to detect and respond to security threats faster and more accurately than humans, drastically reducing the chances of a security breach.

5. Predictive Analysis: AI systems can examine large amounts of data and identify patterns, and then use that knowledge to predict outcomes and behaviors.

History of Computer (for class 6)

 History of Computer

1. The history of computers starts out about 2000 years ago in Babylonia (Mesopotamia), at the birth of the abacus, a wooden rack holding two horizontal wires with beads strung on them.

2. Blaise Pascal has credited the first digital computer in 1642. The basic principle of his calculator is still used today in water meters and modern-day odometers.

3. Punched cards, which were first successfully used with computers in 1890 by Herman Hollerith and James Powers. They developed devices that could read the information that had been punched into the cards automatically, without human help.

4. Punch-card using computers created by International Business Machines (IBM), Remington, Burroughs. These computers used electromechanical devices in which electrical power provided mechanical motion -- like turning the wheels of an adding machine. Such systems included features to:

         feed in a specified number of cards automatically

         add, multiply, and sort

5. In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchly, and their associates at the Moore school of Electrical Engineering of University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high - speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator) and it occupied the entire thirty by fifty feet room.

6. ENIAC was therefore about 1,000 times faster than the previous generation of relay computers. ENIAC used 18,000 vacuum tubes about 1,800 square feet of floor space, and consumed about 180,000 watts of electrical power.

7. In 1950 magnetic core memory and the Transistor - Circuit Element of digital computers. RAM capacities increased from 8,000 to 64,000 words in commercially available machines by the 1960s, with access times of 2 to 3 MS (Milliseconds).

8. In the 1980's manufacturing of semiconductor chips was done, The Intel and Motorola Corporations were very competitive into the 1980s, although Japanese firms were making strong economic advances, especially in the area of memory chips. By the late 1980s, some personal computers were run by microprocessors that, handling 32 bits of data at a time. 

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Define : Computer

Computer: A computer is an electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data and be programmed with instructions to carry out specific operations.

 A computer consists of Hardware and Software.

 Hardware components describe the physical parts of the

computer.

Example: Mouse, Keyboard, Speaker, etc.

 Software controls hardware and runs the operating system,

different programs & applications.

Example: Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, etc.

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Drawbacks of Using Artificial Intelligence (General Topic for Classes : 8, 9, 10)

1. High Cost: One of the main drawbacks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is its high cost. Developing AI-based systems require a lot of money and resources. This is because AI-based solutions are complex and need a lot of trial and error to get the desired output.

2. Lack of Flexibility: AI based systems are not very flexible and require a lot of customization to be used effectively in different scenarios. This means that the cost associated with AI-based solutions increases when the complexity of the system increases.

3. Lack of Human Intuition: AI-based systems lack the human intuition and creativity which is required to solve complex problems. This means that AI systems are not suitable for tasks which require a high level of creativity.

4. Unpredictable Behavior: AI-based systems can sometimes behave in an unpredictable manner. This can have serious consequences in certain scenarios, such as when controlling robots or autonomous vehicles.

5. Data Dependency: AI-based systems are heavily dependent on the data they are fed. This means that AI-based solutions can be unreliable and inaccurate if the data is not of high quality.