Computer Language (for Class : 6)

Computer Language

A language is defined as the medium of expression of thoughts. Computer also needs some expression medium to communicate with others.

A computer follows the instructions given by the programmer to perform a specific job. To perform a particular task, programmer prepares a sequence of instruction known as Program. 

A program written for a computer is known as Software.

1) First Generation Languages - 1GLs (Machine Language) : When the human being started programming, the computer the instruction were given to it in a language that it could easily understand is called as machine language. The binary language of 1 and 0 is known as Machine Language. Any instruction in this language is given in the form of 1s and 0s.

2) Second Generation Languages - 2GLs (Assembly Language) : The first language similar to English was developed in 1950 which was known as Assembly Language or Symbolic Programming Languages. An assembly language is a low-level programming language for microprocessors (CPU) and other programmable devices.

3) Third Generation Languages- (3GLs ) (High Level Languages) : The languages developed which were nearer to the English language in 1960 were known as High Level languages. The different high level languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, PL-1 and many others.

4) Fourth Generation Languages - (4GLs) (Query languages) : The 3GLs are procedural in nature means HOW the problem get programmed and the procedures require the knowledge of HOW the problem will be solved. 4GLs are non-procedural that focuses on WHAT of the problem is coded means "WHAT is required". The main aim of 4GLs is to be cut down on developed and maintenance time and making it easier for users. Example of 4GL is SQL (Structured Query Language).

5) Fifth Generation Language - (5GLs) : The 5GLs are designed to make the computer “Smarter”. The use of 5GLs language touches on expert systems, computerized collection of the knowledge of many human experts, artificial intelligence and independently smart computer systems. Examples of 5GL are Prolog, OPS5 and Mercury.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) based languages : These are the languages which use a Graphical User Interface to write, compile & execute the program with ease. Some of them are-

• Visual Basic
• Visual C++
• C# (Pronounced as C sharp)
• Visual Basic.NET
• Visual Basic 2005

AI : AI Ethics, AI Bias, AI Access (for Classes : 8 ,9, 10)

AI Ethics

Ethics :

·        Ethics are the moral responsibility of anyone or anything that can impact others.

AI Ethics :

·        AI Ethics is a system of moral principals and techniques intended to inform the development and responsible use of AI Technology.

·        As AI has become integral to products and services, organizations are starting to develop AI codes of ethics.

AI Bias

·        AI Bias is an anomaly (irregularity of abnormality) in the result produced through AI based programs and algorithms because of prejudiced (discriminatory) assumptions made during the algorithm development process or prejudices in the training data.

·        When we talk about a machine, we know that it is artificial and cannot think on its own.

·        It can have intelligence but we cannot expect a machine to have any biases of its own.

·        Any bias can transfer from the developer to the machine while the algorithm is being developed.

AI Access

·        AI is still a budding technology, not everyone has the opportunity to access it.

·        The people who can afford Ai enabled devices make the most of it while others who cannot are left behind.

·        Because of this, a gap has emerged between these two classes of peoples and it gets widened with rapid advancement of technology.

AI Creates Unemployment

·        Maybe in the coming years, AI enabled machines will replace all the people who work as labours.

·        This may start an era of mass unemployment where people having little or no skills may be left without jobs and others who keep up with their skills according to what is required.

AI for kids

·        Kids nowadays are smart enough to understand technology from a very early age.

·        As their thinking capabilities increases, they start becoming techno-savvy and eventually they learn everything more easily than an adult.

Should technology be given to children so young?

What are different Ethical Issues Around AI?

AI : Decision Making (Class 9, 10)

Decision Making: It is the process of identifying and picking a final choice / action / item / belief for a need from an available set of choices after carefully assessing the available options.

Role of Intelligence in Decision Making:

   ·       Data / Information available

         ·       Relationships among data / information

         ·       Past experience of handling similar situation or data / information

         ·       Understanding and knowledge

         ·       Our intuition and self-awareness